military engines

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

appărātus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., from apparo.

appărātus ( adp-), ūs, m. [apparo].

A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):

requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

sacrorum,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

operum ac munitionum,

Liv. 21, 7:

sacrificii,

Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,

Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).

In gen.:

in reliquo Darei adparatu,

movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,

argenteus,

id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:

arma promta ex regio apparatu,

Liv. 5, 5:

apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,

id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:

auxiliorum apparatus,

Liv. 9, 7 al. —

Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:

magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:

omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,

id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:

regio adparatu accepti, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;

so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo).

appărātus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., from apparo.

appărātus ( adp-), ūs, m. [apparo].

A preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready; abstr. (class.; but, except in Hor. C. 1, 38, 1, scarcely to be found in any poet):

requiro omnem totius operis designationem atque adparatum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

totius belli instrumentum et adparatus,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

sacrorum,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

operum ac munitionum,

Liv. 21, 7:

sacrificii,

Suet. Ner. 56.—More freq.,

Meton., a preparation, provision; concr., equipment, apparatus ( instruments, furniture, machines, etc.).

In gen.:

in reliquo Darei adparatu,

movables, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3; so,

argenteus,

id. 22, 23, 47, § 99: apparatus ( military engines) et munitiones, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 41 al.:

arma promta ex regio apparatu,

Liv. 5, 5:

apparatus oppugnandarum urbium,

id. 34, 33; so id. 25, 14; 26, 47.—Also of men:

auxiliorum apparatus,

Liv. 9, 7 al. —

Esp., magnificent preparation, splendor, pomp, magnificence, state:

magnifici adparatus vitaeque cultus cum elegantiā et copiā,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 25:

omitto festum diem, argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque virendo,

id. Vatin. 13; id. Or. 25, 83; id. Fam. 9, 19:

regio adparatu accepti, etc.,

id. Rep. 6, 10; so Nep. Paus. 3, 2;

so also of the pomp and parade attending public spectacles or other festive celebrations: ludorum venationumque adparatus,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 55; Liv. 27, 6; Suet. Caes. 10 (cf. apparo).

arbuscŭla, ae, f. dim. [from arbor, as majusculus, minusculus, from major, minor].

A small tree, shrub.

Lit., Varr. R. R. 3, 15; Col. 5, 10, 7; 5, 11, 13; 11, 2, 79.—

Transf., of a tuft of feathers:

arbuscula crinita,

i. e. the crown on the head of the peacock, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—

In mechanics, a movable machine for propelling military engines, Gr. hamaxopodes, Vitr. 10, 20.

Arbuscŭla, ae, f., the name of a mimic actress in the time of Cicero, Cic. Att. 4, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 77.

arbuscŭla, ae, f. dim. [from arbor, as majusculus, minusculus, from major, minor].

A small tree, shrub.

Lit., Varr. R. R. 3, 15; Col. 5, 10, 7; 5, 11, 13; 11, 2, 79.—

Transf., of a tuft of feathers:

arbuscula crinita,

i. e. the crown on the head of the peacock, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—

In mechanics, a movable machine for propelling military engines, Gr. hamaxopodes, Vitr. 10, 20.

Arbuscŭla, ae, f., the name of a mimic actress in the time of Cicero, Cic. Att. 4, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 77.

dis-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum (contr. dispostum, Lucr. 1, 52; 2, 644), 3, v. a., to place here and there, to set in different places, to distribute regularly, to dispose, arrange (cf. dispenso, II.—freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., to set in order, arrange, dispose:

libros confusos antea,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, a; cf.:

Homeri libros,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 137:

oculos (harundinum),

Cato R. R. 47; cf.

brassicam,

Col. 11, 3, 27:

arbores,

Plin. 17, 11, 15, § 78:

quidque suo loco,

Col. 12, 2, 3; cf.:

pennas in ordine,

Ov. A. A. 2, 45;

for which: disjecta membra in ordinem,

Sen. Hippol. 1257:

obliquos ordines in quincuncem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 5:

aciem,

Tac. H. 2, 41; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 31:

male capillos,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 35; cf.

comas,

id. Pont. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 12, 83:

tectos enses per herbam,

Verg. A. 3, 237:

ceras per atria,

Ov. F. 1, 591;

for which: expressi cera voltus singulis disponebantur armariis,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

tabernas deversorias per litora et ripas,

Suet. Ner. 27:

cubicula plurifariam,

id. Tib. 43 et saep.— Poet.:

(Prometheus) corpora disponens, etc., qs. arranging the parts, limbs,

i. e. fashioning, forming, Prop. 3, 5, 9 (4, 4, 9 M.):

moenia versu,

i. e. to describe, id. 4 (5), 1, 57; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 7, 64.—

In partic., milit. t. t., to set in order, arrange, to draw up, array a body of men, a guard, military engines, etc.:

praesidia disponit, castella communit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 2; so,

praesidia,

id. B. C. 3, 15, 2:

stationes,

id. B. G. 5, 15 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 73, 3:

custodias,

id. ib. 3, 8, 4:

cohortes,

id. B. G. 5, 33, 1:

equites,

id. ib. 7, 56, 4; id. B. C. 3, 101, 3:

exploratores,

id. B. G. 7, 35, 1:

insidias,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 29; 2, 9, 7 al.:

equos,

to station in relays, Liv. 37, 7:

ballistas machinasque,

Suet. Calig. 46 et saep.:

custodias in muro,

Caes. B. G. 7, 27, 1; 7, 34, 1:

expeditos,

id. B. C. 1, 27 fin. et saep.; cf.:

legiones in Apulia hibernorum causa,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

tormenta in muris,

id. ib. 1, 17, 3:

sudes in opere,

id. B. G. 7, 81, 4 et saep.:

milites iis operibus quae, etc.,

id. B. C. 1, 21, 3:

exploratores omni fluminis parte,

id. B. G. 7, 61, 1:

classem omni ora maritima,

id. B. C. 3, 5, 2:

naves in litore pluribus locis separatim,

id. ib. 3, 24, 1:

cohortes castris praesidio,

id. ib. 3, 88, 4 et saep.:

praesidia custodiasque ad ripas Ligeris,

id. B. G. 7, 55, 9; cf. id. ib. 7, 65, 3; id. B. C. 1, 50:

praesidia cis Rhenum,

id. B. G. 4, 4, 3; cf.:

legiones Narbone circumque ea loca hiemandi causa,

id. B. C. 1, 37, 1:

equites per oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 24, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 111, 1; Suet. Aug. 32; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 1 et saep.

Trop.:

verba ita disponunt ut pictores varietatem colorum, paria paribus referunt,

Cic. Or. 19 fin.;

so of the regular arrangement of the parts of a discourse,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 179; 3, 25, 96 al.; Quint. 2, 12, 10; 3, 3, 10 et saep.; cf. also Tac. Or. 3:

fac ut plane iis omnibus, quos devinctos tenes, descriptum ac dispositum suum cuique munus sit,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5 fin.; cf.

ministeria principatus in equites Romanos,

Tac. H. 1, 58:

imperii curas,

id. A. 16, 8:

consilia in omnem fortunam ita disposita habebat (the fig. being borrowed from milit. lang.),

Liv. 42, 29:

in disponendo die,

in arranging the business of the day, Suet. Tib. 11:

diem,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 25 fin.; Tac. G. 30; Plin. Ep. 9, 36; cf.

otium,

id. ib. 4, 23:

tempus otiosum,

Mart. 5, 20:

opus et requiem pariter,

Pers. 5, 43 et saep.—

In post-class. lang., with acc. and inf. or rel. clause, like the Gr. diatassô, to settle, determine:

non alienum erit disponi, apud quem puer interim educetur,

Dig. 43, 30, 3, § 4:

Thebani apparere paucos disposuerunt,

Front. Strat. 3, 2, 10, 2 (dub.):

excursatores quingentos sensim praeire disposuit,

Amm. 24, 1; 24, 6, 4.—With ut, Dig. 10, 3, 18.—Hence, dispŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., regularly distributed; hence properly ordered, arranged (very rare):

studia ad honorem disposita,

Cic. Mur. 14:

vita hominum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 2;

also transf.: vir dispositus,

an orderly speaker, id. ib. 2, 11, 17.—As subst.:

lumina ex disposito relucentia,

Sen. de Prov. 1, 2.— Comp.: dispositius, Sen. Q. N. praef. fin.; cf. Lact. Ira D. 10 med.—Sup. Boëth. Cons. Phil. 4, pros. 2.— Adv.: dispŏsĭte, orderly, methodically:

accusare istum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

dicere,

Quint. 10, 7, 12:

exponere,

Vitr. 7 praef. §

18: mundus effectus est (with ordinate),

Lact. 3, 17.— Sup.:

aedificare,

Sid. Ep. 5, 11.

dis-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum (contr. dispostum, Lucr. 1, 52; 2, 644), 3, v. a., to place here and there, to set in different places, to distribute regularly, to dispose, arrange (cf. dispenso, II.—freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., to set in order, arrange, dispose:

libros confusos antea,

Cic. Att. 4, 8, a; cf.:

Homeri libros,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 137:

oculos (harundinum),

Cato R. R. 47; cf.

brassicam,

Col. 11, 3, 27:

arbores,

Plin. 17, 11, 15, § 78:

quidque suo loco,

Col. 12, 2, 3; cf.:

pennas in ordine,

Ov. A. A. 2, 45;

for which: disjecta membra in ordinem,

Sen. Hippol. 1257:

obliquos ordines in quincuncem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 5:

aciem,

Tac. H. 2, 41; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 31:

male capillos,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 35; cf.

comas,

id. Pont. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 12, 83:

tectos enses per herbam,

Verg. A. 3, 237:

ceras per atria,

Ov. F. 1, 591;

for which: expressi cera voltus singulis disponebantur armariis,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

tabernas deversorias per litora et ripas,

Suet. Ner. 27:

cubicula plurifariam,

id. Tib. 43 et saep.— Poet.:

(Prometheus) corpora disponens, etc., qs. arranging the parts, limbs,

i. e. fashioning, forming, Prop. 3, 5, 9 (4, 4, 9 M.):

moenia versu,

i. e. to describe, id. 4 (5), 1, 57; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 7, 64.—

In partic., milit. t. t., to set in order, arrange, to draw up, array a body of men, a guard, military engines, etc.:

praesidia disponit, castella communit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 2; so,

praesidia,

id. B. C. 3, 15, 2:

stationes,

id. B. G. 5, 15 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 73, 3:

custodias,

id. ib. 3, 8, 4:

cohortes,

id. B. G. 5, 33, 1:

equites,

id. ib. 7, 56, 4; id. B. C. 3, 101, 3:

exploratores,

id. B. G. 7, 35, 1:

insidias,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 29; 2, 9, 7 al.:

equos,

to station in relays, Liv. 37, 7:

ballistas machinasque,

Suet. Calig. 46 et saep.:

custodias in muro,

Caes. B. G. 7, 27, 1; 7, 34, 1:

expeditos,

id. B. C. 1, 27 fin. et saep.; cf.:

legiones in Apulia hibernorum causa,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

tormenta in muris,

id. ib. 1, 17, 3:

sudes in opere,

id. B. G. 7, 81, 4 et saep.:

milites iis operibus quae, etc.,

id. B. C. 1, 21, 3:

exploratores omni fluminis parte,

id. B. G. 7, 61, 1:

classem omni ora maritima,

id. B. C. 3, 5, 2:

naves in litore pluribus locis separatim,

id. ib. 3, 24, 1:

cohortes castris praesidio,

id. ib. 3, 88, 4 et saep.:

praesidia custodiasque ad ripas Ligeris,

id. B. G. 7, 55, 9; cf. id. ib. 7, 65, 3; id. B. C. 1, 50:

praesidia cis Rhenum,

id. B. G. 4, 4, 3; cf.:

legiones Narbone circumque ea loca hiemandi causa,

id. B. C. 1, 37, 1:

equites per oram maritimam,

id. ib. 3, 24, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 111, 1; Suet. Aug. 32; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 1 et saep.

Trop.:

verba ita disponunt ut pictores varietatem colorum, paria paribus referunt,

Cic. Or. 19 fin.;

so of the regular arrangement of the parts of a discourse,

id. de Or. 2, 42, 179; 3, 25, 96 al.; Quint. 2, 12, 10; 3, 3, 10 et saep.; cf. also Tac. Or. 3:

fac ut plane iis omnibus, quos devinctos tenes, descriptum ac dispositum suum cuique munus sit,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5 fin.; cf.

ministeria principatus in equites Romanos,

Tac. H. 1, 58:

imperii curas,

id. A. 16, 8:

consilia in omnem fortunam ita disposita habebat (the fig. being borrowed from milit. lang.),

Liv. 42, 29:

in disponendo die,

in arranging the business of the day, Suet. Tib. 11:

diem,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 25 fin.; Tac. G. 30; Plin. Ep. 9, 36; cf.

otium,

id. ib. 4, 23:

tempus otiosum,

Mart. 5, 20:

opus et requiem pariter,

Pers. 5, 43 et saep.—

In post-class. lang., with acc. and inf. or rel. clause, like the Gr. diatassô, to settle, determine:

non alienum erit disponi, apud quem puer interim educetur,

Dig. 43, 30, 3, § 4:

Thebani apparere paucos disposuerunt,

Front. Strat. 3, 2, 10, 2 (dub.):

excursatores quingentos sensim praeire disposuit,

Amm. 24, 1; 24, 6, 4.—With ut, Dig. 10, 3, 18.—Hence, dispŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a., regularly distributed; hence properly ordered, arranged (very rare):

studia ad honorem disposita,

Cic. Mur. 14:

vita hominum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 2;

also transf.: vir dispositus,

an orderly speaker, id. ib. 2, 11, 17.—As subst.:

lumina ex disposito relucentia,

Sen. de Prov. 1, 2.— Comp.: dispositius, Sen. Q. N. praef. fin.; cf. Lact. Ira D. 10 med.—Sup. Boëth. Cons. Phil. 4, pros. 2.— Adv.: dispŏsĭte, orderly, methodically:

accusare istum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

dicere,

Quint. 10, 7, 12:

exponere,

Vitr. 7 praef. §

18: mundus effectus est (with ordinate),

Lact. 3, 17.— Sup.:

aedificare,

Sid. Ep. 5, 11.

māchĭnāmentum, i, n. [id.], a machine, engine; an instrument, organ (perh. not ante-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit.:

machinamenta alia quatiendis muris portabant,

military engines, Liv. 24, 34:

suspensum et nutans machinamentum,

Tac. H. 4, 30:

nihil tam ignarum barbaris, quam machinamenta et astus oppugnationum,

id. A. 12, 45:

tot genera machinamentorum ad extendendum femur,

surgical instruments, Cels. 8, 20:

singulis articulis singula machinamenta, quibus extorqueantur, aptata,

Sen. Ep. 24, 14; id. Cons. ad Marc. 20, 3.—

Transf., the organs of sense, App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 9, 20.—

Trop., a trick, device, stratagem (post-class.): callida commeantium, Cod. Th. 6, 28, 6.

pons, ntis, m. [kindred with Sanscr. pathi, a path; Gr. patos; old Germ. phat, pfat; mod. Germ. Pfad; Angl.-Sax. padh; hence prop. a board across a ditch, brook, etc.], a bridge across a river, ditch, or marsh, between towers, etc.

In gen.:

pars oppidi mari disjuncta angusto, ponte rursus adjungitur et continetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, §

117: pontem in Arare faciendum curat,

to throw a bridge over the stream, Caes. B. G. 1, 13: in Isarā, flumine maximo, ponte uno die facto, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3:

in Histro flumine,

Nep. Milt. 3, 1; so,

inicere pontem,

Liv. 26, 6; Tac. A. 15, 19:

flumen ponte jungere,

Liv. 21, 45; Curt. 3, 7, 1:

amnem ponte junxit,

id. 4, 9, 9:

imponere pontem flumini,

id. 5, 1, 22:

pontibus palude constratā,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14:

pontem navibus efficere,

Tac. A. 6, 37:

ponte flumen transgredi,

id. ib. 13, 39;

also: ponte flumen transmittere,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; and:

ponte flumen traicere,

Flor. 4, 12, 22:

interscindere pontem,

to break down, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 10; also,

rescindere,

Nep. Milt. 3, 4:

interrumpere,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 66; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3:

rumpere,

Quint. 2, 13, 16; Tac. A. 2, 68:

abrumpere,

id. H. 3, 6:

recidere,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

dissolvere,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

vellere,

Verg. A. 8, 650:

partem pontis rescindere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29.—Esp., as a stand for beggars, Juv. 5, 8; cf. id. 4, 116:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, id. 14, 134.— Plur.:

plures dies efficiendis pontibus absumpti,

a bridge of several spans, Tac. A. 2, 8; 11, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3; cf. id. ib. 10, 18, 4.—

In partic.

The bridge at the Comitia, over which the voters passed one by one to the septum, to deposit their votes, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 1, 12, 21; Ov. F. 5, 634. Hence the proverb: sexagenarios de ponte; v. sexagenarius.—

A wooden drawbridge, to be let down from besieging towers to the walls of a town or fortress, Tac. A. 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 20.—

A plank bridge thrown from a vessel to the shore, Verg. A. 10, 288 and 654; Liv. 21, 28.—

The deck of a ship on which the military engines were placed, Tac. A. 2, 6.—

A floor of a tower, Verg. A. 9, 530; 12, 675.—

A wooden bridge on a narrow wall between two towers, Verg. A. 9, 170.

Pons, ntis, m., a geographical proper name.

Pons Argenteus, the modern Argens, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 2; 10, 35.—

Pons Campanus, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62.—

Aureoli, the modern Pontiruolo, Trebell. XXX. Tyr. Aureol. al.

pons, ntis, m. [kindred with Sanscr. pathi, a path; Gr. patos; old Germ. phat, pfat; mod. Germ. Pfad; Angl.-Sax. padh; hence prop. a board across a ditch, brook, etc.], a bridge across a river, ditch, or marsh, between towers, etc.

In gen.:

pars oppidi mari disjuncta angusto, ponte rursus adjungitur et continetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, §

117: pontem in Arare faciendum curat,

to throw a bridge over the stream, Caes. B. G. 1, 13: in Isarā, flumine maximo, ponte uno die facto, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3:

in Histro flumine,

Nep. Milt. 3, 1; so,

inicere pontem,

Liv. 26, 6; Tac. A. 15, 19:

flumen ponte jungere,

Liv. 21, 45; Curt. 3, 7, 1:

amnem ponte junxit,

id. 4, 9, 9:

imponere pontem flumini,

id. 5, 1, 22:

pontibus palude constratā,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14:

pontem navibus efficere,

Tac. A. 6, 37:

ponte flumen transgredi,

id. ib. 13, 39;

also: ponte flumen transmittere,

Plin. Ep. 8, 8; and:

ponte flumen traicere,

Flor. 4, 12, 22:

interscindere pontem,

to break down, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 10; also,

rescindere,

Nep. Milt. 3, 4:

interrumpere,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 66; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3:

rumpere,

Quint. 2, 13, 16; Tac. A. 2, 68:

abrumpere,

id. H. 3, 6:

recidere,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

dissolvere,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

vellere,

Verg. A. 8, 650:

partem pontis rescindere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29.—Esp., as a stand for beggars, Juv. 5, 8; cf. id. 4, 116:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, id. 14, 134.— Plur.:

plures dies efficiendis pontibus absumpti,

a bridge of several spans, Tac. A. 2, 8; 11, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3; cf. id. ib. 10, 18, 4.—

In partic.

The bridge at the Comitia, over which the voters passed one by one to the septum, to deposit their votes, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 1, 12, 21; Ov. F. 5, 634. Hence the proverb: sexagenarios de ponte; v. sexagenarius.—

A wooden drawbridge, to be let down from besieging towers to the walls of a town or fortress, Tac. A. 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 20.—

A plank bridge thrown from a vessel to the shore, Verg. A. 10, 288 and 654; Liv. 21, 28.—

The deck of a ship on which the military engines were placed, Tac. A. 2, 6.—

A floor of a tower, Verg. A. 9, 530; 12, 675.—

A wooden bridge on a narrow wall between two towers, Verg. A. 9, 170.

Pons, ntis, m., a geographical proper name.

Pons Argenteus, the modern Argens, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 2; 10, 35.—

Pons Campanus, Hor. S. 1, 5, 45; Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 62.—

Aureoli, the modern Pontiruolo, Trebell. XXX. Tyr. Aureol. al.

pulso, āvi, ātum ( inf. parag. pulsarier, Lucr. 4, 931), 1, v. freq. a. [id.], to push, strike, beat (cf.: tundo, ferio, pello).

Lit.:

cum pulsetur agiteturque incursione atomorum sempiternā,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

semine in pila pulsato,

Plin. 19, 8, 45, § 158:

lictores ad pulsandos verberandosque homines exercitatissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf.:

pulsari alios et verberari,

id. ib. 2, 3, 26, §

66: pulsatus parens,

Verg. A. 6, 609:

legatos pulsasse dicebantur,

Liv. 38, 42; Tac. H. 4, 45:

ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum,

Juv. 3, 289:

ostium,

to knock, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 7:

ostia,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 10; cf.

ostiatim,

Quint. 5, 10, 122:

fores,

Ov. M. 5, 448; so,

pulso alone: pulsate, et aperietur vobis,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 7:

humum ter pede,

to stamp upon the ground, Ov. F. 6, 330:

gyrum pulsat equis,

Prop. 4, 13, 11; cf.:

tellurem pede libero,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 1:

prata choreis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 381.—Of military engines:

ariete muros,

Verg. A. 12, 706:

ariete turres,

Sil. 16, 696:

moenia Romae,

id. 6, 643:

cuspide portas,

id. 12, 565:

pulsabant turrim ariete,

Amm. 20, 11, 21:

moenia Leptitana,

id. 28, 6, 15.—Of musical instruments:

chordas digitis et pectine eburno,

to strike, play upon, Verg. A. 6, 647:

chelyn,

Val. Fl. 1, 139:

pectine nervos,

Sil. 5, 463:

cymbala,

Juv. 9, 62.—Of things:

pulsant arva ligones,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 31; id. M. 11, 529:

nervo pulsante sagittae,

Verg. G. 4, 313.—

Transf., to strike against, to strike, touch any thing ( poet.):

ipse arduus altaque pulsat Sidera,

Verg. A. 3, 619; 10, 216; Sil. 9, 450:

vasto qui vertice nubila pulsat,

Val. Fl. 4, 149.—Of abstract subjects:

ululatus pulsat aures,

Claud. B. Get. 625.—

Trop.

In gen., to urge or drive on, to impel, to set in violent motion, to move, agitate, disturb, disquiet:

dormientium animos,

Cic. Div. 2, 58, 120:

multa in unum locum confluunt, quae meum pectus pulsant,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 3:

quae te vecordia pulsat,

Ov. M. 12, 228:

corda pavor pulsans,

Verg. G, 3, 105; cf.:

curru Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum,

id. A. 10, 216:

variā meritos formidine pulsant,

Val. Fl. 3, 390:

urbes rumoribus,

to disturb, Petr. p. 679:

invidia pulsat pectus,

Sen. Agam. 134:

aliquem querelis,

Stat. Th. 8, 249; cf.: astra querelis, Claud. in Eutr. 2, prooem. §

51: superos vocibus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1671.—

In partic.

To attack before a tribunal, i. e. to arraign, accuse:

ex contractu ejus obligatus, pro quo pulsabatur,

Dig. 11, 1, 11:

non imponitur necessitas aliis pulsantibus respondere,

ib. 5, 1, 2 med. —

Transf., in gen., to accuse, defame:

pulsari crimine falso,

Claud. B. Gild. 170:

injusta Tartara,

to accuse, charge, Stat. S. 5, 5, 77:

apud principis aures existimationem viri fortis invidiā gravi pulsarent,

Amm. 18, 4, 4.—

To drive away, remove, put out of the way, Dig. 19, 2, 15, § 1:

pericula,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 465.—

To injure, insult:

pulsatos infecto foedere divos,

Verg. A. 12, 286:

pulsatae majestatis imperii reus,

of treason, Amm. 14, 7, 7.

orgănum, i, n., = organon, an implement, instrument, engine of any kind (mostly post-Aug.), Col. 3, 13, 12.—Of military or architectonic engines (whereas machina denotes one of a larger size and more complicated construction), Vitr. 10, 1.—Of musical instruments, a pipe, Quint. 11, 3, 20; 9, 4, 10; Juv. 6, 3, 80; Vulg. Gen. 4, 21; id. 2 Par. 34, 12 et saep.—Of hydraulic engines, an organ, water-organ:

organa hydraulica,

Suet. Ner. 41: aquatica, Mythogr. Lat. 3, 12.—Of a church-organ, Cass. Expos. in Psa. 150; Aug. Enarr. in Psa. 150, n. 7.—

Transf.: organum oris, the tongue of a man, Prud. steph. 10, 2.—

Trop., an implement, instrument, Quint. 1, 2, 30.

agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

aggere paludem explere,

id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

longius erat agger petendus,

id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

superjecto aggere terreno,

Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

implere cavernas aggere,

Curt. 8, 10, 27:

fossas aggere complent,

Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,

Esp.

The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

agger armorum,

Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

aggeres Alpini,

Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

Thessalici aggeres,

i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

ab alto aggere,

Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

Luc. 5, 674:

consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

mons aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105).—

In milit. lang.

A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

id. Phil. 10, 9:

celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

jacere,

to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

aggerem exstruere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

instruere,

id. ib. 8, 41:

promovere ad urbem,

to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—

The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—

The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

Luc. 5, 317:

vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—

A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

Verg. A. 5, 273:

Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

Rutil. Itiner. 39:

aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.